:root {
    --primary-color: #1e2c52;
    --secondary-color: #b72d2d;
    /* --accent-color: #f8b739; */
    --light-color: #f8f9fa;
    --dark-color: #212529;
  }
  
  body {
    font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif;
    color: #333;
    line-height: 1.6;
  }
  
  .top-bar {
    background-color: var(--primary-color);
    color: white;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    padding: 8px 15px;
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--accent-color);
  }
  
  .top-bar i {
    color: var(--accent-color);
    margin-right: 5px;
  }
  
  .right-btn {
    background-color: var(--secondary-color);
    padding: 6px 20px;
    color: white !important;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-decoration: none;
    border-radius: 4px;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
  }
  
  .right-btn:hover {
    background-color: #9a2525;
    transform: translateY(-2px);
  }
  
  .logo-section {
    padding: 30px 15px 20px;
    text-align: center;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f8f9fa 0%, #e9ecef 100%);
    position: relative;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  }
  
  .logo-section img {
    max-width: 120px;
    height: auto;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
  }
  
  .logo-section img:hover {
    transform: scale(1.05);
  }
  
  .logo-section h1 {
    font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif;
    font-size: 1.8rem;
    color: var(--primary-color);
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 1px;
    text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
  }
  
  .logo-section hr {
    width: 80px;
    border-top: 2px solid var(--accent-color);
    opacity: 1;
    margin: 15px auto;
  }
  
  .logo-section p {
    font-style: italic;
    color: var(--primary-color);
    font-weight: 500;
    margin-bottom: 5px;
  }
  
  .issn {
    position: absolute;
    right: 30px;
    top: 30px;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: #666;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.8);
    padding: 5px 10px;
    border-radius: 4px;
  }
  
  .main-nav {
    background-color: var(--primary-color);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  }
  
  .main-nav .nav {
    padding: 0;
  }
  
  .main-nav .nav-link {
    color: white !important;
    font-weight: 600;
    padding: 15px 25px !important;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    position: relative;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
  }
  
  .main-nav .nav-link:hover,
  .main-nav .nav-link:focus {
    background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  }
  
  .main-nav .nav-link.active {
    background-color: var(--secondary-color);
  }
  
  .main-nav .nav-link.active:after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    width: 0;
    height: 0;
    border-left: 10px solid transparent;
    border-right: 10px solid transparent;
    border-bottom: 10px solid white;
  }

  .main-nav.sticky-top {
    z-index: 1030;
  }
  
  
  .dropdown-menu {
    background-color: white;
    border: none;
    border-radius: 0;
    min-width: 220px;
    padding: 0;
    box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    border-top: 3px solid var(--secondary-color);
  }
  
  .dropdown-item {
    padding: 10px 20px !important;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--dark-color) !important;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
  }
  
  .dropdown-item:hover {
    background-color: #f8f9fa !important;
    color: var(--secondary-color) !important;
    padding-left: 25px !important;
  }
  
  .dropdown-item:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
  }
  
  .custom-dropdown:hover .dropdown-menu {
    display: block;
    margin-top: 0;
    animation: fadeIn 0.3s ease;
  }

  /* About Section */
.about-section {
    background-image: url('../images/bg1.jpg'); 
    background-size: cover;
    background-position: center;
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
    font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif;
  }
  
  .bg-overlay {
    background-color: rgba(30, 44, 82, 0.85);
    padding: 60px 0;
    z-index: 2;
  }
  
  
  .about-section h3 {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #1e2c52;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
  }
  
  .about-section p {
    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 1.7;
    text-align: justify;
    color: #333;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
  }
  
  .about-section .highlight {
    color: brown;
    font-size: 16px;
    font-weight: bold;
  }
  
  .about-section .feature {
    color: rgb(5, 90, 60);
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 16px;
  }
  
  .submit-box {
    background-color: #fff;
    border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
    padding: 30px;
    border-radius: 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 6px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
  }
  
  .submit-box p {
    font-size: 15px;
    color: #444;
  }
  
  .btn-danger {
    background-color: #A52A2A;
    border: none;
    font-size: 14px;
    padding: 10px 25px;
    border-radius: 25px;
    transition: 0.3s ease;
  }
  
  .btn-danger:hover {
    background-color: #9a2525;
    color: #fff;
  }

  /* About Section End*/

  /* Footer Section Social Icons */
  .social-icons a {
    display: inline-block;
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
    line-height: 40px;
    text-align: center;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background-color: #fff;
    font-size: 18px;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
  }
  
  .social-icons .facebook i {
    color: #3b5998;
  }
  
  .social-icons .twitter i {
    color: #1da1f2;
  }
  
  .social-icons .google i {
    color: #dd4b39;
  }
  
  .social-icons .pinterest i {
    color: #bd081c;
  }
  
  .social-icons .instagram i {
    color: #e4405f;
  }
  
  .social-icons a:hover {
    background-color: #9a2525;
  }
  
  .social-icons a:hover i {
    color: #fff;
  }
  /* Footer Section Social Icons End */

  a.text-decoration-none:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
  }
  
  .btn-outline-primary:hover {
    background-color: #9a2525;
    border-color: #9a2525;
    color: white;
  }
  
  .btn-outline-danger:hover {
    background-color: #9a2525;
    border-color: #9a2525;
    color: white;
  }

  /* contact  start*/
.section-headline.text-left {
  margin-bottom: 30px;
}
.section-headline {
margin-bottom: 60px;
position: relative;
}
.text-left {
text-align: left;
}
.section-headline::after {
border: 1px solid #882b00;
bottom: -10px;
content: "";
left: 0;
position: absolute;
width: 100px;
right: 0;
}
.contact-us-head {
margin-top: 20px;
margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.contact-us-head h5 {
font-size: 20px;
line-height: 22px;
}
.contact-us-content {
color: black;
font-size: 15px;
}
.article-details-down-top {
background: #002c57;
color: white;
padding: 10px;
border-radius: 5px;
text-align: center;
}
.article-details-down-top a {
color: white;
}

.article-details-down-top a {
transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;
text-decoration: none;
}
.last-update {
margin: auto;
}
/* contact end  */

/* for authors start */
.single-services-page p {
  color: #666;
  margin-bottom: 0px;
  font-size: 15px;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}
.inst-auth-content {
  margin: 20px 0 20px 0;
}
ul {
  list-style: outside none none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
.marker-list li {
  color: #666;
  
  font-size: 15px;
  text-align: justify;
}
.marker-list li i{
    color: #752804;
    margin-right: 5px;
    font-size: 16px;
}
/* for authors end */

/* article details start  */
.article-details-abstract {
  text-transform: capitalize;
  margin-top: 10px;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  background: #f2fbfb80;
  border: 0.5px solid #d9d9d9;
  padding: 20px;
  color: rgb(29, 28, 28);
}
.article-details-title {
  font-size: 20px;
  color: #141a41;
  text-transform: capitalize;
  margin-top: 10px;
  line-height: 40px;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  font-weight: bold;
}
.article-details-author-info {
  font-size: 15px;
  color: #02a383;
  text-transform: capitalize;
  margin-top: 10px;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  font-weight: bold;
}
.current-article-doi {
  font-size: 14px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  padding-bottom: 5px;
  color: #1d2b99;
  font-weight: bold;
}

/* article details end  */

/* archives start  */
.hover-card {
  transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
}

.hover-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
  box-shadow: 0 0.5rem 1rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) !important;
}
/* archives end  */

.custom-btn {
  background-color: #f5f5f5; 
  color: #212529;
  border-radius: 0.25rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: 0.3s ease;
}

.custom-btn:hover {
  background-color: #b72d2d; 
  color: #fff;
}
.custom-btn-active {
  background-color: #b72d2d;
  color: #fff;
  border-radius: 0.25rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  cursor: default;
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
}
.navbar-toggler {
  border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5); 
}

.navbar-toggler-icon {
  background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf8,%3Csvg viewBox='0 0 30 30' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath stroke='white' stroke-width='2' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-miterlimit='10' d='M4 7h22M4 15h22M4 23h22'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
  transition: background-image 0.3s ease;
}

.navbar-toggler:not(.collapsed) .navbar-toggler-icon {
  background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf8,%3Csvg viewBox='0 0 30 30' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cline x1='7' y1='7' x2='23' y2='23' stroke='white' stroke-width='2' stroke-linecap='round'/%3E%3Cline x1='23' y1='7' x2='7' y2='23' stroke='white' stroke-width='2' stroke-linecap='round'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
}
  
  @keyframes fadeIn {
    from {
      opacity: 0;
      transform: translateY(10px);
    }
    to {
      opacity: 1;
      transform: translateY(0);
    }
  }
  
  /* Responsive adjustments */
  @media (max-width: 992px) {
    .logo-section h1 {
      font-size: 1.5rem;
    }
    
    .issn {
      position: static;
      display: block;
      margin-top: 10px;
      background: transparent;
    }
  }
  
  @media (max-width: 768px) {
    .top-bar {
      flex-direction: column;
      text-align: center;
      padding: 10px;
    }
    
    .right-btn {
      margin-top: 8px;
      display: inline-block;
    }
    
    .logo-section {
      padding: 20px 15px;
    }
    
    .logo-section h1 {
      font-size: 1.3rem;
    }

  /* about section  */
  .submit-box {
    margin-top: 30px;
  }

  .client-details {
    padding: 20px;
  }
  }